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Mescid-i Nebevî - Ravza-i Mutahhara - Medine - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi - Prophetenmoschee - RasitTunca - 05-24-2019
Mescid-i Nebevî - Ravza-i Mutahhara - Medine - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi - Prophetenmoschee
Mescid-i Nebevî veya Peygamber Mescidi (Arapça: المسجد النبوي), Hicret'ten sonra Medine'de İslam peygamberi Muhammed ile arkadaşları tarafından inşa edilen, Muhammed'in kabrinin de içerisinde bulunduğu mescit. "Nebevi" Arapçada "peygambere ait" anlamına gelir, "Mescid-i Nebevî" tamlamasının anlamı ise "Peygamber Mescidi"dir. Mekke'de bulunan Mescid-i Haram'dan sonra Müslümanlara göre ikinci en kutsal mescittir.
Mescid-i Nebevî ya da Mescid-i Nebi ilk inşasında basit yapılıydı. Hurma kütüklerinden sütunları, hurma dallarından çatısı, taşlardan duvarları vardı. Hemen bitişiğindeki ev kısmı da (bugün kabirdir) kerpiçtendi. Minberi, mihrabı yoktu. Muhammed cuma konuşmalarını minber olmadığından bir ağaç kütüğünün üstünde yapardı. Mescidin Suffa denilen bir bölümü fakirlere ayrılmıştı.
654 yılındaki deprem ve yangında bu mescit yanmıştır. Emeviler, Abbasiler, Memlükler ve Osmanlılar dönemlerinde yeniden yapılmıştır. Halifeler Ebu Bekir ve Ömer bin Hattab'ın kabirleri de buradadır.
Mescidin yapım aşaması
Peygamber dönemi
İslam peygamberi Muhammed 24 Eylül 622'de Medine'ye vardığında Ensar ve Muhacirler'den oluşan Müslümanlar onu şehrin girişinde karşıladı. Kendisini çok sayıda davet eden olduğundan ve kimseyi kırmak istemediğinden, devesi Kasvâ'yı serbest bırakmalarını ve onun çöktüğü yere en yakın evde konaklayacağını söyledi. Kasvâ Malik b. Neccaroğulları'nın evlerinin önünde, hurma kurutulan bir düzlükte çökünce, buraya en yakın olan evin sahibi Ebû Eyyûbb el-Ensarî ye konuk oldu. Muhammed, Kasvâ'nın çöktüğü ve Sehl ile Süheyl adında iki yetim çocuğa ait olan bu boş araziyi, sahiplerine Ebu Bekir tarafından ödenen 10 dinar karşılığında, herkesin namaz ibadetini yerine getirebileceği ve toplantı yapabileceği bir mescit (cami) inşa etmek amacıyla satın aldı.[1] Eylül 622'de temeli atılan bu yapı, 623 nisanında bittiğinde takriben 35 m eninde ve 30 m genişliğinde (yaklaşık 1022 m²), taş temel üzerine pişirilmemiş kerpiçten örülü duvarlarlı üç kapılı bir şekildeydi. Çatısı ise hurma yapraklarıyla oluşturulmuştu. Muhammed'in de taş ve kerpiçlerin taşınmasında Müslümanlara eşlik ettiği rivayet edilir.
Mescid ilk yapıldığında batıda Babürrahme, doğuda Babücibril ve güneyde Babülcenubî olarak 3 kapısı vardı. Kıble Kudüs'ten Kabe'ye çevrildikten sonra güney kapısı kapatılarak kuzeye başka bir kapı açılmıştır (günümüzde ise Mescid-i Nebevi'nin 41 ana giriş ve çıkış noktası bulunmaktadır). Hicret'ten sonra Medine'deki Müslümanların sayısı günden güne artmaya başladı ve mescit namaz kılanlara dar geldi. Bunun üzerine Muhammed mescidi genişletmeye karar verdi. Mescid-i Nebevî'nin başlangıçta kapılarından hiçbiri kadınlara tahsis edilmemişti ancak camiye giden kadınların sayısında artış olunca kapılardan biri kadınlara ayrıldı ve bu kapıdan erkeklerin girmesi yasaklandı [2][3].Hicri Takvim'e göre 7. yılda Hayber'in alınmasının ardından mescit takribi olarak 20m en ve 15m boy eklemesi ile iki misli genişletildi. Böylece mescid 50 x 50 m'lik bir kare şeklini aldı. Yükseklik 3.5 m'ye yükseldi ve toplam 35 sütun kapsadı. Bu eklenen alanını Osman bin Affan satın almıştır.[4] Halife Ebu Bekir döneminde mescit aynı kalmıştır.
Ömer bin Hattab dönemi
Devletin sınırlarının genişlemesi ile beraber İslam Devleti'nin nüfusu arttı. Halife Ömer bin Hattab mescidi genişletme kararı aldı. H. 17. yılda Halife Ömer mescitte büyük bir restorasyona girişti. Mescid-i Nebevi, takribi olmak üzere Kıble yönünden 5 m, batı yönünden 10 m ve kuzey yönünden 15 m genişletildi. Böylece mescidin eni 60 m, boyu ise 70 m'ye ulaştı. Yapı malzemesi olarak yine aynı malzemeler kullanıldı. Hurma kütüklerine dayandırılarak 5–6 m yüksekliğinde ve 2 metrelik kalınlığa sahip hurma yapraklarıyla örtülü bir çatı inşa edildi.
Osman bin Affan dönemi
Halife Ömer döneminde yapılan restorasyon Halife Osman bin Affan döneminde namaz kılanların ve ziyaretçilerin ihtiyacını karşılamamaya başladı. H. 29. yılında mescid Kıble, Batı ve Kuzey yönünden genişletilip aynı zamanda yükseltildi. Malzeme olarak kireç ve işlenmiş taş kullanıldı, sütunlarda tadilat yapılarak taş ile inşa edildi. Halife Ali bin Ebu Talib döneminde mescit aynı kalmıştır.
Emeviler
Mescid-i Nebevi'nin Yeşil Kubbesi ve Osmanlı minaresi
Sonraki yöneticiler mescidi genişletmeye ve süslemeye devam ettiler. M. 707'de, Emevilerin altıncı Halifesi I. Velid (705-715) eski yapıyı değiştirerek yerine, Peygamber'in türbesini de içine alan, daha büyük bir yapı inşa etti. Bu mescid 84 x 100 m boyunda, taş zeminli, taş sütunlarla destekli tik çatılı idi. Şam'daki Emevi Camii'ndeki ve Kudüs'teki Mescid-i Aksa'daki gibi (aynı Halife yaptırmıştır), duvarlar Kıpti ve Rum ustalarca mozaik ile süslendi. Avlu'nun dört tarafı bir galeri ile çevrildi, her köşeye bir minare dikildi. Kible duvarına küçük kubbeli bir mihrab inşa edildi.
Abbasiler
Halife Mehdi (M. 775-785), I. Velid’in eklemiş olduğu bölgenin kuzey kısmını genişletmek için yenilemiştir. Mescide 20 kapı eklemiştir: doğu ve batı duvarlarına sekizer, kuzey duvara dört kapı.[kaynak belirtilmeli]
Memlukler
Duvarda Osmanlılar'dan kalma Hüsn-ü Hat ile Kuran ayetleri ve Peygamber'in diğer isimleri
Memluk Sultanı Mansur Kalavun zamanında, Peygamber Muhammed'in yatırı üzerine bir kubbe, Bab es-Selam’ın dışarısında da bir şadırvan inşa edilmiştir. Sultan Nasır Muhammed önceden yıkılan dördüncü minareyi tekrar imar etmiştir. 1481’deki bir yıldırımın çarpmasıyla mescidin birçok yeri hasar gördükten sonra, Sultan Kayıtbay doğu, batı ve kıble duvarlarını yeniden imar etmiştir. Ayrıca Yeşil Kubbe'yi taşıyan sütunları ve perdeli duvarı inşa ettirmiştir.
Osmanlılar
I. Abdülmecid zamanından kalma Mihrab
Osmanlı Devleti 1517'den I. Dünya Savaşı sonuna kadar Medine'yi yönetti. "Çöl Kaplanı" Fahrettin Paşa'nın 10 Ocak 1919'da Medine Müdafaası sona erince bölgedeki 400 yıllık Osmanlı idaresi de son buldu. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman (1520-1566) caminin doğu ve batı duvarlarını yeniden inşa etti, ve Süleymaniyye olarak bilinen kuzeydoğu minareyi ekledi. Peygamber'in mihrabı Şafi'iyya'nın yanına, Ahnaf adında yeni bir mihrab ekledi, ve Peygamber'in türbesinin (Hücre-i Saadet) üzerine çelik saçla kaplı yeni bir kubbe yerleştirdi. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Babürrahme (batı kapısı)'yi yenileterek sağ ve sol taraflarına Muhammed'in alemlere rahmet olarak gönderildiğini bildiren ayet ile Osman Bey'den Kanuni'ye kadar olan Osmanlı sultanlarının isimlerini yazdırmıştır.III. Murad (1574–1595) zamanından bugün de kullanılan minber inşa edildi. 1817'de II. Mahmud, kubbe ile kaplı mescidin güneydoğu tarafına Ravza-i Mutahhara inşasını tamamladı. Kubbe 1839'da yeşile boyandı ve o günden itibaren Kubbe-i Hadra (Yeşil Kubbe) olarak bilinir.
Sultan I. Abdülmecid (1839–1861) zamanında, Peygamber'in türbesi, üç mihrablar, minber ve Süleymaniyye minaresi hariç, bütün camii yeniden tanzim edildi. Kuzey tarafına bir abdesthane yapılarak genişletildi. Güney tarafındaki namaz yeri enine doğru iki misli büyütüldü, ve küçük kubbeler ile kaplandı. Kubbelerin içi Kuran'dan ayetler ve Kaside-i Bürde şiirinden beyitlerle süslendi. Kible duvarı Kuran'dan hatlarla yazılı cilalı döşemelerle kaplandı. Namaz yeri ve avlunun yerleri mermer ve kırmızı taş ile döşendi. Çevrili olan alanın batısına beşinci minare, Mecidiyye, inşa edildi.
Hücre-i Saadet
Ravza-i Mutahhara içinde III. Murad'dan kalma Minber
Mescid-i Nebevi'nin ilk inşasında mescidin doğu duvarına bitişik Muhammed ve ailesi için iki oda yaptırıldı. Bu odaların sayısı daha sonra dokuza kadar yükseldi. Daha sonra Muhammed, Ebu Bekir ve Ömer buraya defnedilmiştir. Dördüncü bir yer boş bırakılmıştır. Ahir Zaman'da, İsa'nın inip Deccal'ı öldürüp dünyada bir müddet kalıp vefat ettiğinde buraya gömüleceği rivayet edilmektedir. Birkaç defa tadilat geçirdikten sonra II. Mahmud zamanında üzerine kubbe yapılmış ve üzerine kurşun dökülmüş, daha sonra da bu kubbe yeşile boyandı.
Kubbe-i Hadra
"Yeşil Kubbe" anlamına gelir, mescidin yeşil kubbesine verilen addır. Hücre-i Saadet'in üzerindedir.
Ravza-i Mutahhara
Peygamberi'in içinde namaz kılmayı teşvik ettiği Hücre-i Saadet ve Minberi arasında kalan kısım, "Ravza-i Mutahhara" veya "Riyazul Cenne" olarak bilinir. Buranın cennetten bir bölüm gibi olduğu hadislerde bildirilmektedir.[6]
Minber
Muhammed, mescidinde cemaate hitap ederken dayanması için hurma ağacından olan büyük bir kütüğü kullanmaktaydı. Daha sonra cemaatin Muhammed'in yüzünü göremeyip sesini de işitememesi üzerine hicri 7. (628) veya 8. (629) yıllarda ılgın ağacından 50 x 125 cm ebadında ve bir metre yükseklikte, arkasında 3 sütunu bulunan 3 basamaklı ilk minber yapılmıştır. İlk halifeler Muhammed'e hürmetten dolayı üçüncü basamağı kullanmamışlar ve bu basamağı bir tahta parçasıyla kapatmışlardır. Osman devrinde minber üzerine bir kubbe yapılarak kumaşla örtülmüş, ayrıca merdivenler abanoz ağacıyla kaplanmıştır. Muaviye bin Ebu Süfyan zamanında ise minber altı basamak daha yükseltilmiştir. Bu ilk minber 654 (1256) senesine kadar kullanılmıştır. Aynı yıl meydana gelen yangında minber yanınca Yemen hükümdarı Melikü’l Muzaffer Şemseddin tarafından gönderilen minber 656 (1258) yılında yerine yerleştirilmiştir.
Bu tarihten sonra 666 (1268)’da Sultan Baybars, 797 (1395)’de Memluk sultanı Berkuk, 820 (1417)’de bir başka Memluk sultanı Şeyh el-Mahmudî tarafından minber yenilenmiş veya yenisi gönderilmiştir. 886 (1481) senesinde minber tekrar yanınca Medineliler tarafından tuğla alçıdan yapılan minber, 888 (1483) senesinde Sultan Kayıtbay tarafından gönderilen mermer minberle değiştirilmiştir. 998 (1590) tarihinde Osmanlı sultanı III. Murad’ın İstanbul’da imal ettirip süslettirdiği mermer minber, Medine’ye gönderildiğinde Kayıtbay’ın minberi Kuba Mescidine taşınmıştır. Halen Sultan III. Murad’ın minberi Mescid-i Nebevî’de kullanılmaktadır.
Bugünkü hali
Mescid günümüzde etrafını kuşatan mermer kaplı avlusu dahil toplam 400.000 m2dir.
ENGLISH
Al-Masjid
an-Nabawī (Arabic: المسجد النبوي), also called the Prophet's Mosque,
is a mosque established and originally built by the Islamic prophet
Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi was the
second mosque built in the history of Islam and is now one of the
largest mosques in the world. It is the second-holiest site in Islam,
after al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca.
The site was originally
adjacent to Muhammad's house; he settled there after his Hijra
(emigration) to Medina in 622 CE. He shared in the heavy work of
construction. The original mosque was an open-air building. The mosque
also served as a community center, a court, and a religious school.
There was a raised platform for the people who taught the Quran.
Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated it. In 1909, it
became the first place in the Arabian Peninsula to be provided with
electrical lights.[2] The mosque is under the control of the Custodian
of the Two Holy Mosques. The mosque is located in what was traditionally
the center of Medina, with many hotels and old markets nearby. It is a
major pilgrimage site. Many pilgrims who perform the Hajj go on to
Medina to visit the mosque due to its connections to the life of
Muhammad.
After an expansion during the reign of the Umayyad
caliph al-Walid I, it also now incorporates the final resting place of
Muhammad and the first two Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar.[3] One of
the most notable features of the site is the Green Dome in the
south-east corner of the mosque,[4] originally Aisha's house,[3] where
the tomb of Muhammad is located. In 1279, a wooden cupola was built over
the tomb which was later rebuilt and renovated multiple times in late
15th century and once in 1817. The current dome was added in 1818 by the
Ottoman sultan Mahmud II,[4] and it was first painted green in 1837,
hence becoming known as the "Green Dome".[3]
History
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi during the Ottoman Era, 19th Century
First built
The
original mosque was built by Muhammed and his companions next to the
house where he settled after his journey to Medina in 622 CE. The
original mosque was an open-air building (covered by palm fronds) with a
raised platform for the reading of the Quran. It was a rectangular
enclosure of 30 m × 35 m (98 ft × 115 ft) at a height of 2 m (6 ft 7 in)
wall which was built with palm trunks and mud walls. It was accessed
through three doors: Bab Rahmah (Door of Mercy) to the south, Bab Jibril
(Door of Gabriel) to the west and Bab al-Nisa' (Door of the Women) to
the east.[citation needed]The basic plan of the building has since been
adopted in the building of most mosques throughout the world.[citation
needed]
Inside, Muhammed created a shaded area to the south
called the suffah and aligned the prayer space facing north towards
Jerusalem. When the qibla (prayer direction) was changed to face the
Kaaba in Mecca, the mosque was re-oriented to the south. The mosque also
served as a community center, a court, and a religious school.[citation
needed]
Seven years later (629 AD/7 AH), the mosque was doubled
in size to accommodate the increasing number of Muslims. The area of the
mosque was enlarged by 20 m × 15 m (66 ft × 49 ft) and became almost a
square 50 m × 49.5 m (164 ft × 162 ft).[citation needed] The height
increased to became 3.5 m (11 ft) and the mosque encompassed 35
columns.[citation needed]
The mosque remained like that during
the caliphate of Abu Bakr until the caliphate of 'Umar bin al-Khattab,
who enlarged the area of the mosque to 3575 m2 and built more wooden
columns.[citation needed]
During the time of Uthman ibn Affan an
arcade of stone and plaster was added to the mosque and the columns were
remolded and built of stone.[citation needed]
Umayyads
Subsequent
Islamic rulers continued to enlarge and embellish the mosque over the
centuries. In 707, Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (705-715)
replaced the old structure and built a larger one in its place,
incorporating the tomb of Muhammad. This mosque was 84 by 100 m (276 by
328 ft) in size, with stone foundations and a teak roof supported on
stone columns. The mosque walls were decorated with mosaics by Coptic
and Greek craftsmen, similar to those seen in the Umayyad Mosque in
Damascus and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (built by the same
Caliph). The courtyard was surrounded by a gallery on four sides, with
four minarets on its corners. A mihrab topped by a small dome was built
on the qibla wall.[citation needed]
Abbasids
Abbasid Caliph
al-Mahdi (775-785) replaced the northern section of Al-Walid's mosque
between 778 and 781 to enlarge it further. He also added 20 doors to the
mosque: eight on each of the east and west walls, and four on the north
wall.[citation needed]
Mamluks
During the reign of the Mamluk
Sultan Al Mansur Qalawun, a dome was erected above the tomb of Muhammad
and an ablution fountain was built outside of Bab al-Salam (Door of
Peace). Sultan Al-Nasir Mohammed rebuilt the fourth minaret that had
been destroyed earlier. After a lightning strike destroyed much of the
mosque in 1481, Sultan Qaitbay rebuilt the east, west and qibla
walls.[citation needed]
Ottomans
The Green Dome ca. 1850
The
Ottoman sultans who ruled Medina from 1517 until World War I also made
their mark. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) rebuilt the
western and eastern walls of the mosque and built the northeastern
minaret known as al-Suleymaniyya. He added a new mihrab (al-Ahnaf) next
to the Prophet's mihrab (al-Shafi'iyyah), and placed a new dome covered
in lead sheets above the tomb of Muhammad.
The Rawdah (referred
to as al-Rawdah al-Mutaharah), covered by the dome over the south-east
corner of the mosque,[4] was constructed in 1817C.E. during the reign of
Sultan Mahmud II. The dome was painted green in 1837 C.E. and came to
be known as the "Green Dome".[3]
During the reign of Sultan Abdul
Majid I (1839–1861), the mosque was entirely remodeled with the
exception of Prophet Muhammad's Tomb, the three mihrabs, the minbar and
the Suleymaniyya minaret. The precinct was enlarged to include an
ablution area to the north. The prayer hall to the south was doubled in
width and covered with small domes equal in size except for domes
covering the mihrab area, Bab al-Salam and Muhammed's Tomb. The domes
were decorated with Quranic verses and lines from Qaṣīda al-Burda (Poem
of the Mantle), the famous poem by 13th century Arabic poet Busiri. The
qibla wall was covered with glazed tiles featuring Quranic calligraphy.
The floors of the prayer hall and the courtyard were paved with marble
and red stones and a fifth minaret (al-Majidiyya), was built to the west
of the enclosure.
Saudis
Inside view of al-Masjid an-Nabawi
When
Ibn Saud took Medina in 1905, his followers, the Wahhabis, demolished
nearly every tomb dome in Medina in order to prevent their
veneration,[5] and the Green Dome is said to have narrowly escaped the
same fate.[6] Muhammad's tomb was stripped of its gold and jewel
ornaments, but the dome was preserved either because of an unsuccessful
attempt to demolish its hardened structure, or because some time ago Ibn
Abd al-Wahhab wrote that he did not wish to see the dome destroyed
despite his aversion to people praying at the tomb.[5] Similar events
took place in 1925 when the Saudi ikhwans retook—and this time managed
to keep—the city.[7][8][9][10] In the Wahabi interpretation of Islam,
the veneration of tombs and places thought to possess supernatural
powers was an offense against tawhid.[11]
After the foundation of
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, the mosque underwent several major
modifications. In 1951 King Ibn Saud (1932–1953) ordered demolitions
around the mosque to make way for new wings to the east and west of the
prayer hall, which consisted of concrete columns with pointed arches.
Older columns were reinforced with concrete and braced with copper rings
at the top. The Suleymaniyya and Majidiyya minarets were replaced by
two minarets in Mamluk revival style. Two additional minarets were
erected to the northeast and northwest of the mosque. A library was
built along the western wall to house historic Qurans and other
religious texts.
In 1973 Saudi King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz ordered
the construction of temporary shelters to the west of the mosque to
accommodate the growing number of worshippers in 1981, the old mosque
was surrounded by new prayer areas on these sides, enlarging five times
its size.
The latest renovations took place under King Fahd and
have greatly increased the size of the mosque, allowing it to hold a
large number of worshippers and pilgrims and adding modern comforts like
air conditioning. He also installed twenty seven moving domes at the
roof of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi.[12]
In 2007, according to The
Independent, a pamphlet, published by the Saudi Ministry of Islamic
Affairs and endorsed by the grand mufti of Saudi Arabia, stated that
"the green dome shall be demolished and the three graves flattened in
the Prophet's Masjid".[13]
The original mosque was not very
large, and today the original exists only as a small portion of the
larger mosque. The newer and older sections of the mosque are quite
distinct. The older section has many colorful decorations and numerous
small pillars.
Gallery
Pedestrian View of Retractable Umbrellas
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi at night.
Umbrellas for the Piazza of al-Masjid an-Nabawi.
Architecture and special structures
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
One of two courtyards inside the mosque
Interior view of the new section
Sun rises over al-Masjid an-Nabawi
As
it stands today, the mosque has a rectangular plan on two floors with
the Ottoman prayer hall projecting to the south. The main prayer hall
occupies the entire first floor. The mosque enclosure is 100 times
bigger than the first mosque built by Muhammad and can accommodate more
than half a million worshippers.[citation needed]
The mosque has a
flat paved roof topped with 27 sliding domes on square bases.[14] Holes
pierced into the base of each dome illuminate the interior. The roof is
also used for prayer during peak times, when the domes slide out on
metal tracks to shade areas of the roof, creating light wells for the
prayer hall. At these times, the courtyard of the Ottoman mosque is also
shaded with umbrellas affixed to freestanding columns.[15] The roof is
accessed by stairs and escalators. The paved area around the mosque is
also used for prayer, equipped with umbrella tents.[16] Sliding Domes
and retractable umbrella-like canopies are designed by the German
architect Mahmoud Bodo Rasch and his firm SL Rasch GmbH and Buro
Happold.[17]
The north facade has three evenly spaced porticos,
while the east, west and south facades have two. The walls are composed
of a series of windows topped by pointed arches with black and white
voussoirs. There are six peripheral minarets attached to the new
extension, and four others frame the Ottoman structure. The mosque is
lavishly decorated with polychrome marble and stones. The columns are of
white marble with brass capitals supporting slightly pointed arches,
built of black and white stones. The column pedestals have ventilation
grills that regulate the temperature inside the prayer hall.[citation
needed]
This new mosque contains the older mosque within it. The
two sections can be easily distinguished: the older section has many
colorful decorations and numerous small pillars, and fans have been
installed in the ceiling; the new section is in gleaming white marble
and is completely air-conditioned.[citation needed]
Riad ul-Jannah
The
heart of the mosque houses a very special but small area named Riad
ul-Jannah (Gardens of Paradise). It extends from Muhammad's tomb
(Rawdah) to his pulpit (minbar). Pilgrims attempt to visit the confines
of the area, for there is a tradition that supplications and prayers
uttered here are never rejected. Entrance into the area is not always
possible, especially during the Hajj season, as the space can only
accommodate a few hundred people.
Riad ul-Jannah is considered to
be a part Jannah (Paradise). It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that
Muhammad said, "The area between my house and my minbar is one of the
gardens of Paradise, and my minbar is on my cistern (hawd)."[18]
Rawdah
Main article: Green Dome
View of the Rawdah from the side
Tomb windows of Muhammad (left), and his Caliphs (right) Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and Umar bin Al-Khattaab
As
per Muhammad, Rawadh is also in Heaven, the same Rawdah which is
currently in Masjid-e-Nabwi. It is a small place in Masjid-e-Nabwi,
floored with Green Carpet just to identify it, and the entire Mosque is
floored with red carpet. The Rawdah is one of the most important
features of the site. It holds the tomb of Muhammad and two of his
companions and first Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab. A fourth
grave is reserved for Jesus, as it is believed that he will return and
will be buried at the site. The site is covered by the Green Dome. It
was constructed in 1817 C.E. during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud
II and painted green in 1837 C.E.[3] The Rawdah has two small gateways.
The original pulpit was much smaller than the current one, and
constructed of palm tree wood, not marble. The current marble pulpit was
constructed by the Ottomans.[citation needed]
Mihrab
[icon] This section requires expansion. (June 2012)
The mosque currently has three Mihrabs, of which the largest is currently used by the imam to lead the prayers.
Minbar
[icon] This section requires expansion. (June 2012)
Muhammad
sometimes preached while standing by a wood of palm trees. In 628 a
minbar replaced it so that Muhammad was able to raise above the crowd
and lead prayer. It was a one-meter-high wooden pulpit with three steps.
A fire destroyed it in 654. The minbar which was built in the reign of
Ottoman Sultan Murad III is still in use.[citation needed]
Minarets
[icon] This section requires expansion. (June 2012)
The
mosque has 10 minarets built in different eras. The largest 6 were
constructed during the reign of King Fahd.[citation needed]
Imams and Muadhins
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help
improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced
material may be challenged and removed. (August 2011)
Key Imams:
Muhammad (Prophet of Islam and first imam)
Abu Bakr (Senior companion, first caliph and second imam)
Umer Bin Khattab (Senior companion, second caliph and third imam)
Uthman ibn Affan (Senior companion, third caliph and fourth imam)
Ali Bin AbiTalib (Senior companion, fourth caliph and fifth imam)
Current Imams:
Shaykh Ali Abdul Rahmaan Al Hudhaify (Senior Imam)
Shaykh Hussain Ale Shiekh (Senior Imam)
Shaykh Salaah Al Budair
Shaykh Abdul Bari Ath Thubaity
Shaykh Abdul Muhsin Al Qaasim
Shaykh Abdullah Abdul Rahmaan Al Bu'ayjaan (Appointed as a Taraweeh
Imam on the 15th Night of Ramadhaan 1434 and later appointed as a
permanent Imam on the 10th October 2013)
Shaykh Ahmad Taalib
Hameed (Appointed as a Taraweeh Imam on the 16th Night of Ramadhaan 1434
and later appointed as a permanent Imam on the 10th October 2013)
Shaykhs who have led in Masjid Nabawi
Saad Al Ghamdi (2009)
Khalid Al Ghamdi (2010 and 2012)
Muhammad Ayub (1990-1999)
Abdullah Juhany (1998)
Maahir Muaquily (2005)
Ali Al Sudais (1995)
Abdul Wadood Haneef
Imaad Zuhayr Haafiz (2011)
Ibrahim Al Akhdar (1990-)
Abdul Aziz Bin Saalih
Muadhins
Bilal Habshi
Umar Sunbul
Essam Bukhari
Saud Bukhari
Hussain Rajab
Umar Yusuf Kamal
Maajid Hakeem
Abdul Maajid Surayhi
Abdul Rahmaan Khashugji
Ashraf Afeefi
Ayyad Shukri
Faisal Numaan
Abdul Muttalib Najdi
Abdul Aziz Bukhari
See also
Portal icon Islam portal
Portal icon Saudi Arabia portal
Portal icon Architecture portal
Burial places of founders of world religions
Holiest sites in Islam (Sunni)
Holiest sites in Islam (Shia)
List of mosques
Islamic art
References
Google maps. "Location of Masjid an Nabawi". Google maps. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
The History of Electrical lights in the Arabian Peninsula
Ariffin,
Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed (2005). Architectural Conservation in Islam :
Case Study of the Prophet's Mosque. Penerbit UTM. pp. 88–89,109. ISBN
9789835203732.
Petersen, Andrew (2002-03-11). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 183. ISBN 9780203203873.
Mark
Weston (2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the
present. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
Doris
Behrens-Abouseif; Stephen Vernoit (2006). Islamic art in the 19th
century: tradition, innovation, and eclecticism. BRILL. p. 22. ISBN
978-90-04-14442-2.
The second plunder by the Wahhabis
Mark Weston
(2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present.
John Wiley and Sons. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
Vincent J. Cornell (2007). Voices of Islam: Voices of the spirit. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-275-98734-3.
Carl
W. Ernst (2004). Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the
Contemporary World. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 173–174. ISBN
978-0-8078-5577-5.
Peskes, Esther (2000). "Wahhābiyya". Encyclopaedia
of Islam 11 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 40, 42. ISBN
9004127569.
"The Prophet's Mosque (Al-Masjid an-Nabawi) - Medina,
Saudi Arabia". Medina, , Saudi Arabia: Sacred-destinations.com.
2009-10-19. Retrieved 2009-12-04.
Jerome Taylor (24 September 2011).
"Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'". The
Independent (independent.co.uk). Retrieved 2012-04-13.
Frei Otto, Bodo Rasch: Finding Form: Towards an Architecture of the Minimal, 1996, ISBN 3930698668